Isolating from and avoiding others and/or withdrawal from activities that they were previously involved in
Deterioration in work or school performance, or deterioration in activities of daily living
Reading books on methods for conunitting suicide and/or obtaining materials (e.g., gun, poison, rope, pills) that could be used for suicide
Increased use of drugs/alcohol, gambling, food, sex, etc., as if they are desperately trying to lose themselves in these activities
Direct or oblique references to when they will be dead, including joking about their dying
Preoccupation with the negativity and tragedy in the world
Self-demeaning statements (e.g., "I am no good," "I'd be better off dead")
Openly expressing hopelessness about their situation and their future
Preoccupation with death in talk, writing, or other activities (e.g., movies and books)
Making final arrangements, preparing a will, making amends, giving away prized possessions
Increased hostility, negativity, or defensiveness toward others
Disinterest or avoidance of making future plans, neglecting responsibilities
Discussing one's life as if it were over
Inexplicable sudden attitude change from one of sadness or negativity to one of calmness and certainty