Acne can be found in many forms. Papules, which are usually characterized by small pink bumps, painful to the touch; Pustules or pimples, pus filled lesions that can be red, Nodules which are lesions lodged deep within the skin and finally Cysts, possibly the most painful form of the disorder, are usually responsible for scarring. Doesn’t sound fun, does it? Good thing there are ways to prevent the problem, but first you must understand what causes it to form. Doctors are unsure of the exact cause of this disorder, but many believe it to be due to several different reasons. During puberty, in both males and females, an increase in hormones called androgens cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge, thereby producing more sebum. Additionally, hormonal changes due to pregnancy can also cause this skin disorder. Genetics also seem to play a role in the formation, meaning the tendency to develop it can stem from whether your parents had it or not. Pore-clogging cosmetics and certain drugs (Lithium, for example) have also been known to make the situation even worse. What can make it worse? Well, for starters, friction. Rubbing, excessive scrubbing, or leaning on the skin, especially your face, can lead to an increase. However, chocolate and greasy foods do not cause this problem. Neither does stress nor dirty skin. It’s nice to know we can still enjoy a chocolate bar without worrying about a gigantic pimple cropping up! If you suffer from this problem, know that you are not alone. People from all age groups and races can get it, from adolescents to even adults. It is often treated by dermatologists, who are doctors trained specifically in skincare. While very good at treating all types, they specialize in treating more severe cases. For moderate cases, seeing your primary physician should be sufficient. Stopping scarring, psychological distress and prevention, while also healing preexisting problems, are the main goals of any practitioner. Your doctor will discuss with you treatment options, and whether over the counter, prescription drugs or a combination of both will be the most effective treatment for your particular case. There’s no doubt that it's embarrassing, not to mention unsightly. To avoid any reoccurrence, especially if you are using anything to treat the condition, be sure you follow a few key steps: Wash your face twice a day with a mild cleanser, and do not scrub too hard. Also, try to stay away from pore clogging makeup and cosmetics, because that will have a detrimental effect on your skin. Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight as much as possible, and if you must go out wear a mild sunscreen to prevent burning. With these tips in mind, you should be well on your way to acne-free skin in no time.